3 results
Effects of Coagulation-Bath Temperature And Montmorillonite Nanoclay Content on Asymmetric Cellulose Acetate Butyrate Membranes
- Mohammad Ali Hajasgarkhani, Seyed Mahmoud Mousavi, Ehsan Saljoughi
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- Journal:
- Clays and Clay Minerals / Volume 61 / Issue 6 / December 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 January 2024, pp. 541-550
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A major problem with polymeric membranes is low hydrophilicity and consequently a tendency to fouling. Preparing composite membranes is one way to improve the properties and performance of the neat membrane. In the present study, the effects of coagulation-bath temperature (CBT) and the hydrophilic nanoclay concentration of montmorillonite (MMT) on the morphology and performance of asymmetric cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) membranes were investigated. The membranes were prepared via phase inversion induced by immersion precipitation in a water-coagulation bath. The morphology of the membranes prepared was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The permeation performance of the membranes prepared was studied by experiments using pure water and bovine serum albumin (BSA) solutions as feeds. The results showed that the membrane thickness and pure water flux (PWF) were increased by adding up to 2 wt.% MMT nanoclay to the casting solution. These two parameters decreased with further addition of MMT, however. In addition, the results obtained in the case of filtration of BSA solution indicated that the addition of MMT in the casting solution increased permeate flux and reduced BSA rejection slightly. Furthermore, increasing the MMT nanoclay concentration in the casting solution increased pure water flux recovery and consequently decreased the fouling. Decreasing the CBT in the presence of MMT during membrane preparation resulted in the formation of a more porous structure and consequently increased the flux and simultaneously decreased the BSA rejection.
The burden of major depressive disorder in the Middle East and North Africa region, 1990–2019
- Saeid Safiri, Seyed Ehsan Mousavi, Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi, Maryam Noori, Mark J. M. Sullman, Ali-Asghar Kolahi, Reza Shekarriz-Foumani
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- Journal:
- Acta Neuropsychiatrica , First View
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 11 September 2023, pp. 1-14
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Background:
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the leading causes of disability. We aimed to report the MDD-attributable prevalence, incidence and years lived with disability (YLDs) in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region from 1990 to 2019 by age, sex and socio-demographic index (SDI).
Methods:Publicly available data on the burden of MDD were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019 for the 21 countries in MENA. The counts and age-standardised rates (per 100,000) were presented, along with their corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals.
Results:In 2019, MDD had an age-standardised point prevalence of 3322.1 and an incidence rate of 4921.7 per 100,000 population in MENA. Furthermore, there were 4.1 million YLDs in 2019. However, there were no substantial changes in the MDD burden over the period 1990–2019. In 2019, Palestine had the highest burden of MDD. The highest prevalence, incidence and YLDs attributable to MDD were found in the 35–39 age group. In 2019, the YLD rate in MENA was higher than the global rate for almost all age groups. Furthermore, there was a broadly negative association between the YLD rate and SDI.
Conclusion:The study highlights the need to prevent the disorder using a multidisciplinary approach and for the provision of cost-effective treatments for those affected, in order to increase their quality of life.
Epidemiological Study of Child Casualties of Landmines and Unexploded Ordnances: A National Study from Iran
- Batool Mousavi, Mohammad Reza Soroush, Mehdi Masoumi, Shahriar Khateri, Ehsan Modirian, Hamid Shokoohi, Mohammad Javad Fatemi, Mohammad Ali Hematti, Mansour Soroush, Mohammad Ghassemi-Broumand, Mehdi Rassafiani, Mostafa Allami, Farshad Nouri, Amir Yavari, Zohreh Ganjparvar, Mojtaba Kamyab, Seyed Abbas Mirsadeghi
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- Journal:
- Prehospital and Disaster Medicine / Volume 30 / Issue 5 / October 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 September 2015, pp. 472-477
- Print publication:
- October 2015
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Background
Despite landmine-risk education programs and extensive demining activities on the Western border of Iran, landmines and unexploded ordnance (UXOs) still cause civilian and child casualties three decades after the Iraq-Iran war (1980-1988). The objective of this study was to understand the epidemiological patterns and risk factors of injury in child casualties of landmines and UXOs in Western and Southwestern Iran.
MethodsChildren who were 18 years old or younger at the time of study and who sustained injuries from landmines and UXOs were identified through a search at the Iranian National Veterans Registry. These children participated in a 5-day gathering. The information on socioeconomic status, health-related issues, quality of life, health care utilization, and clinical profiles concerning the landmine and UXO injuries were collected. The method of data collection consisted of three component surveys: health interview, social survey, and medical examinations. Social surveys and health interviews were conducted in a face-to-face method by utilizing a questionnaire consisting of 39 questions addressing household and individual components, including information on time and type of injuries, physical activity, mental health, and quality of life. A comprehensive team of physicians in different subspecialties evaluated and examined children to assess the current medical and psychiatric conditions and physical activity, and recommended and arranged further medical, rehabilitation, or surgical planning.
ResultsSeventy-eight child casualties were identified and participated in the study. The mean age of the participants at the time of study was 16.11 years old (SD=2 years). The mean age of victims at the time of injury was 8.2 years (SD=3.12 years; ranged from 2 to 15 years old). Sixty-seven (85.9%) of the children were male. Provinces of Kurdistan and Kermanshah had the highest number of casualties, with a total number of 54 children (68.3%). Eighty percent of the injuries were caused by landmines, and UXO explosions were reported in 20% of the cases. Overall, 24 children (30%) had received some landmine-risk education before or after the events. Sixty percent of the explosions had happened in the morning between 9:00 am and 12:00 pm. Playing and grazing livestock were the most prevalent activities/reasons at the time of injury, which were reported in 77% of the subjects. Sixty-three percent of incidents had multiple casualties and in only 13 explosions were the children the only victims of the explosion. The most prevalent injuries were amputations in 41 subjects (52.56%), followed by hearing loss in 23 subjects (29.5%). Amputations were more common in upper extremities (62%) than in lower extremities (38%).
ConclusionLandmines and UXOs comprise a significant safety hazard to the children living in the Western border of Iran decades after the Iraq-Iran War. The large number of injuries and lack of risk training among victims suggest that landmine cleanings and landmine-risk education should be age-specifically targeted and expanded substantially.
,Mousavi B ,Soroush MR ,Masoumi M ,Khateri S ,Modirian E ,Shokoohi H ,Fatemi MJ ,Hematti MA ,Soroush M ,Ghassemi-Broumand M ,Rassafiani M ,Allami M ,Nouri F ,Yavari A ,Ganjparvar Z ,Kamyab M ,Mirsadeghi SA Epidemiological Study of Child Casualties of Landmines and Unexploded Ordnances: A National Study from Iran . Prehosp Disaster Med.2015 ;30 (5 ):472 –477 .